Help:IPA/Oghuz languages

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Oghuz languages on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Oghuz languages in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here. Some keys are built on consensus more strongly than others; if the conventions of this key are already in wide use, any substantive change to it should be discussed on the talk page first as it would affect a large number of articles. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

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H:IPA-TR

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Turkish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-tr}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

For a more in-depth coverage of the sounds of Turkish, see Turkish phonology.

Consonants
IPA	Example	English approximation
b	Audio file "Tr tr bebek.ogg" not found	about
β	vücut^[1]	like vase, but with both lips
c	Audio file "Tr tr şekil.ogg" not found^[2]	skew
d	Audio file "Tur-madde.ogg" not found	ado
dʒ	Audio file "Ocak.ogg" not found	jump
f	far	food
ɡ	gam^[2]	ago
ɟ	Audio file "Tr tr gerçek.ogg" not found^[2]	argue
h	Audio file "Anahtar.ogg" not found	home
j	Audio file "Tr tr hayat.ogg" not found, düğün^[3]	yes
k	Audio file "Kabak.ogg" not found^[2]	score
l	Audio file "Tr-bilinç.oga" not found	late
ɫ	Audio file "Tr-kulak.ogg" not found^[2]	tail
m	Audio file "Tr-cuma.ogg" not found	much
n	Audio file "Tr tr nesne.ogg" not found	not
ɲ	engin^[4]	canyon
ŋ	yangın^[5]	wing
p	Audio file "Tr-pazar.ogg" not found	span
ɾ	Audio file "Anahtarlar.ogg" not found	AmE pretty or Scottish r
s	Audio file "Tur-sinek.ogg" not found	send
ʃ	Audio file "Tr-kişi.ogg" not found	shoe
t	Audio file "Tr-Türkçe.oga" not found	stable
tʃ	Audio file "Çivi.ogg" not found	change
v	Audio file "Çivi.ogg" not found^[1]	vase
z	Audio file "Tr-pazar.ogg" not found	zone
ʒ	jilet	leisure

Vowels
IPA	Example	English approximation
a	Audio file "Kabak.ogg" not found	father
æ	Audio file "Tr tr erkek.ogg" not found^[6]	cat
e	Audio file "Tr tr erkek.ogg" not found	bed
i	Audio file "Çivi.ogg" not found	creek
o	Audio file "Tr-tokmak.ogg" not found	story
œ	Audio file "Tr tr özgürlük.ogg" not found	somewhat like bird
u	Audio file "Tr tr ruh.ogg" not found	soup
ɯ	Audio file "Tur-kış.ogg" not found	somewhat like roses
y	Audio file "Tr-Türkçe.oga" not found	somewhat like cue

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Examples
ˈ	torbalı [toɾbaˈɫɯ] 'with bag' Torbalı [ˈtoɾbaɫɯ] (a place name)^[7]
ː	â, î, û^[8], ğ^[3]	oğlan Audio file "Tr tr oğlan.ogg" not found 'boy'

Notes[change]

↑ ^{Jump up to: 1.0} ^1.1 /v/ surfaces as [β] when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).
↑ ^{Jump up to: 2.0} ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 [c~k], [ɟ~ɡ], and [l~ɫ] contrast only in loanwords before ⟨â, û⟩ vs. ⟨a, u⟩. In native words, [c, ɟ, l] occur before front vowels ([æ, e, i, œ, y]) and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur before back vowels ([a, o, u, ɯ]); word-finally or preconsonantally, [c, ɟ, l] occur after front vowels and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur after back vowels.
↑ ^{Jump up to: 3.0} ^3.1
In Turkish, the letter ⟨ğ⟩ (also called yumuşak g, 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context:
- in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].
- in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
  - if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]
- in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a ⟨g⟩, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]
↑ [ɲ] appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants [ɟ] and [c].
↑ [ŋ] appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants [ɡ] and [k].
↑ Allophone of /e/ before liquids [l, m, n, ɾ] in coda/syllable-final position, and in the suffix -mez
↑ In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable (see Sezer stress), and other words (excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable.
↑ Düzeltme işareti (Turkish for "correction mark") ⟨^⟩ is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter ⟨k⟩ represents [c], the letter ⟨g⟩ represents [ɟ] or the letter ⟨l⟩ represents [l] before back vowels [a] and [u].
Yet the düzeltme işareti is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word katil means "murder" when it is pronounced as [kaˈtil], but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as [kaːˈtil]. The letter ⟨a⟩ is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound /k/ does not become /c/ in this case.
⟨î⟩ is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.

[v-1] {Jump up to: 1.0} ^1.1 /v/ surfaces as [β] when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).

[velar-2] {Jump up to: 2.0} ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 [c~k], [ɟ~ɡ], and [l~ɫ] contrast only in loanwords before ⟨â, û⟩ vs. ⟨a, u⟩. In native words, [c, ɟ, l] occur before front vowels ([æ, e, i, œ, y]) and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur before back vowels ([a, o, u, ɯ]); word-finally or preconsonantally, [c, ɟ, l] occur after front vowels and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur after back vowels.

[soft_g-3] {Jump up to: 3.0} ^3.1 In Turkish, the letter ⟨ğ⟩ (also called yumuşak g, 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context:
in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].

in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a ⟨g⟩, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]

[4] syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].

[5] ther positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

[6] the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

[7] roper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a ⟨g⟩, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]

[ny-4] [ɲ] appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants [ɟ] and [c].

[ng-5] [ŋ] appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants [ɡ] and [k].

[6] Allophone of /e/ before liquids [l, m, n, ɾ] in coda/syllable-final position, and in the suffix -mez

[7] In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable (see Sezer stress), and other words (excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable.

[sapka-8] Düzeltme işareti (Turkish for "correction mark") ⟨^⟩ is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter ⟨k⟩ represents [c], the letter ⟨g⟩ represents [ɟ] or the letter ⟨l⟩ represents [l] before back vowels [a] and [u].
Yet the düzeltme işareti is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word katil means "murder" when it is pronounced as [kaˈtil], but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as [kaːˈtil]. The letter ⟨a⟩ is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound /k/ does not become /c/ in this case.
⟨î⟩ is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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