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Template:Infobox plutonium

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Revision as of 07:36, 10 September 2023 by 2407:7000:9d91:8591:4c9e:d52b:ca03:a689 (talk) (Created page with "{{infobox element |name =plutonium |symbol =Pu |Z =94 |number =94 |abundance= |abundance in earth's crust= |abundance in oceans= |abundance in solar system= |left=neptunium |right=americium |above=Sm |below=(Uqo) |appearance=silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air |image name=Plutonium3.jpg |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |phase= |phase comment= |density gplstp= |density gpcm3nrt=19.85 |density gpcm3nrt comment=(<sup>239</sup...")
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Plutonium, 94Pu
Two shiny pellets of plutonium of about 3 cm in diameter
Plutonium
Pronunciation/pluːˈtoʊniəm/ ​(ploo-TOH-nee-əm)
Allotropessee Allotropes of plutonium
Appearancesilvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air
Mass number[244]
Plutonium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Sm
↑
Pu
↓
(Uqo)
neptunium ← plutonium → americium
Atomic number (Z)94
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point912.5 K ​(639.4 °C, ​1182.9 °F)
Boiling point3505 K ​(3228 °C, ​5842 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.85 g/cm3 (239Pu)[1]
when liquid (at m.p.)16.63 g/cm3
Heat of fusion2.82 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization333.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity35.5 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1756 1953 2198 2511 2926 3499
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.28
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 584.7 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius187±1 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of plutonium
Other properties
Natural occurrencefrom decay
Crystal structure ​monoclinic
Speed of sound2260 m/s
Thermal expansion46.7 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity6.74 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity1.460 µΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus96 GPa
Shear modulus43 GPa
Poisson ratio0.21
CAS Number7440-07-5
History
Namingafter dwarf planet Pluto, itself named after classical god of the underworld Pluto
DiscoveryGlenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1941)
Isotopes of plutonium
Main isotopes[2] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
238Pu trace 87.7 y[3] α 234U
SF –
239Pu trace 2.411×104 y α 235U
SF –
240Pu trace 6.561×103 y α 236U
SF –
241Pu synth 14.329 y β− 241Am
α 237U
SF –
242Pu synth 3.75×105 y α 238U
SF –
244Pu trace 81.3×106 y α 240U
SF –
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Plutonium
| references
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (1) · (this table:
)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Calculated from the atomic weight and the atomic volume. The unit cell, containing 16 atoms, has a volume of 319.96 cubic Å, according to Siegfried S. Hecker (2000). "Plutonium and its alloys: from atoms to microstructure" (PDF). Los Alamos Science. 26: 331.. This gives a density for 239Pu of (1.66053906660×10−24g/dalton×239.0521634 daltons/atom×16 atoms/unit cell)/(319.96 Å3/unit cell × 10−24cc/Å3) or 19.85 g/cc.
  2. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  3. ↑ Magurno & Pearlstein 1981, pp. 835 ff.

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