Irgun
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Irgun Zvai Leumi, commonly known as the Irgun (Hebrew: ארגון), was a Zionist paramilitary group in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948.[1]
History[change]
Founding[change]
The Irgun was a Jewish insurgent group founded in 1931.[1][2] It was a rival to the Haganah, serving as an arm of the Revisionist Party.[1][2]
Activities[change]
The Irgun was labelled a terrorist organization in the 1940s due to its anticolonial insurgency against the British authorities.[1][2] Not only was it involved in attacks on British military bases,[1][2] but also it was important in organizing the escape of Jewish exiles from European countries, especially Nazi Germany, to Mandatory Palestine following the British publication of the British White Paper on Palestine (1939)[3] to limit Jewish immigration.[1][2] Many Irgun members were executed by the British authorities for their active resistance.[1][2]
Particularly, the Irgun is noted for its bravery.[1][2] Irgun members once captured the Acre prison,[1][2] a fortress built in the Middle Ages reportedly unconquerable by even Napoleon.[1][2] The Irgun also captured much of Jaffa (Yafo) ‒ located in present-day northwestern Israel ‒ in the final days of British rule.[1][2]
King David Hotel bombing[change]
Irgun is well-known for the bombing of Jerusalem's King David Hotel in 1946.[1][2]
Legacy[change]
Irgun is deemed an early version of Ḥerut which was an Israeli political party.[1][2] Irgun is also an early version of today's Likud political party in Israel.[4][better source needed] Due to Irgun's subscription to Revisionist Zionism,[2][5] which is alleged to be maximalist[6] by Western academic leftists who shape historiography,[2][7] the Irgun is tainted with the stigma of terrorism in Western collective memory.[2][7]
Related pages[change]
Reference[change]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 "Irgun Zvai Leumi | Meaning, Israel, Etzel, & Ideology". Britannica. January 1, 2025. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14
- Ben-Ami, Yitshaq (1983). "The Irgun and the Destruction of European Jewry". Perspectives on the Holocaust. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 71–91. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6864-7_6. ISBN 978-94-015-6864-7.
Print ISBN: 978-94-015-6866-1
- Medoff, Rafael (1996). Why Mrs. Brandeis Endorsed the Irgun: An Episode in Holocaust-Era American Jewish Politics. Vol. 84. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 29–38. doi:10.1353/ajh.1996.0016. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- Green, Dominic (November 13, 2011). "Irgun Zvai Leumi (Irgun)". The Encyclopedia of War. doi:10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow305. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- Couture, Adam (May 13, 2013). "Menachem Begin's Irgun and Zionist Revisionism: 1944-1948" (PDF). Minds@University of Wisconsin (MINDS@UW). Madison, Wisconsin. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
- Sunderland, James A.S. (February 2, 2024). "How Broadway Helped the Zionist Revolt Against Britain". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
In the 1940s, the Irgun went to the heart of American culture to garner support for its campaign of violent insurrection
- Ben-Ami, Yitshaq (1983). "The Irgun and the Destruction of European Jewry". Perspectives on the Holocaust. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 71–91. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6864-7_6. ISBN 978-94-015-6864-7.
- ↑ "British White Paper of 1939". Yale Law - Avalon Project. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
- ↑ Eisenstadt, S.N. (1985). The Transformation of Israeli Society, pp. 173–174.
- ↑ "Revisionist Zionism". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
- ↑ Of or denoting an extreme opinion. Oxford Languages.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1
- "Menachem Begin | Israeli Prime Minister, Nobel Peace Prize Winner". Britannica. September 17, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
- Phillips, Moshe (February 13, 2024). "The Gaza war and dark history of the 'BBC' during the Holocaust". Jewish News Syndicate (JNS). Retrieved January 10, 2025.
British forces in the 1940s committed horrific acts of sexual torture, as well as physical and psychological abuse, against young Jewish boys and girls.
- Michaelson, Jay (May 15, 2024). "The Gaza War is neither a genocide nor a mission — it's Revisionist Zionism in action". The Forward. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
- "Drawing on the legacy of Ze'ev Jabotinsky is critical in fighting Iran - editorial". The Jerusalem Post. August 5, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
- Schultz, Matthew (August 22, 2024). "Our Own Altalena Moment". Jewish Journal. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
Today as well we are ringed by enemies threatening to wipe us off the map, and yet here we are. Another Altalena is sailing over the horizon.
- Rass, Rida Abu (September 16, 2024). "Why Most Israelis Believe the Conflict Can Never Be Resolved". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
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