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Crafoord Prize

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The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger and Anna-Greta Crafoord. It is administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The prize is for "international basic research in the disciplines Astronomy, Mathematics, Geosciences, and Biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology, and rheumatoid arthritis" (the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years). According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded."[1]

Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences.[1] A Crafoord Prize is only awarded for arthritis when a committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made.[1] On Crafoord Day in April, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prize Awards at the ceremony in December.[1][2] The prize is to fund further research by the prize winner. In 2012 it is US$600,000.

Winners[change]

Year Category Image Laureate Nationality Work[3]
1982 Mathematics File:Vladimir Arnold-1.jpg Vladimir Arnold File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Theory of non-linear differential equations
Louis Nirenberg Louis Nirenberg File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[A]
1983 Geosciences Edward Lorenz File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Geophysical hydrodynamics
— Henry Stommel File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
1984 Biosciences Daniel Janzen File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Co-evolution
1985 Astronomy Lyman Spitzer File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Studies of the interstellar medium
1986 Geosciences — Claude Allègre File:Flag of France.svg France Isotope geochemical relations
— Gerald J. Wasserburg File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
1987 Biosciences — Eugene P. Odum File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Ecosystem ecology
Howard T. Odum File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
1988 Mathematics Pierre Deligne, seated, facing left and away from the camera Pierre Deligne File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 		Algebraic geometry
File:Alexander Grothendieck.jpg Alexander Grothendieck[B] None
1989 Geosciences James Van Allen James Van Allen File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Exploration of space, the discovery the Van Allen belts
1990 Biosciences Paul R. Ehrlich Paul R. Ehrlich File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations
Edward Osborne Wilson E.O. Wilson File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Theory of island biogeography
1991 Astronomy Allan Rex Sandage File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Study of galaxies
1992 Geosciences — Adolf Seilacher File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Research into evolution of life
1993 Biosciences W.D. Hamilton File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Theories of kin selection and genetic relationship
Seymour Benzer in his office at Caltech in 1974 with a big model of Drosophila Seymour Benzer File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Genetical and neurophysiological studies of fruit flies
1994 Mathematics — Simon Donaldson File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Four-dimensional geometry
Shing-Tung Yau Shing-Tung Yau File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[C] Non-linear techniques in differential geometry
1995 Geosciences — Willi Dansgaard File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Development of isotope geological analysis methods
Nicholas Shackleton File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
1996 Biosciences Robert May Robert M. May File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Ecological research
1997 Astronomy Fred Hoyle File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Study of nuclear processes in stars, stellar evolution
— Edwin Salpeter File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
1998 Geosciences — Don L. Anderson File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Study of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth
— Adam M. Dziewonski File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[D]
1999 Biosciences Ernst Mayr in 1994, after receiving an honorary degree at the University of Konstanz Ernst Mayr File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Developing the concept of evolutionary biology
— John Maynard Smith File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
George C. Williams File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2000 Polyarthritis — Marc Feldmann File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Definition of TNF-alpha
— Ravinder N. Maini File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
2001 Mathematics Alain Connes Alain Connes File:Flag of France.svg France Theory of operator algebras, founder of the non-commutative geometry
2002 Geosciences — Dan P. McKenzie File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Dynamics of the lithosphere
2003 Biosciences — Carl Woese File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Third domain of life
2004 Polyarthritis — Eugene C. Butcher File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Study of molecular mechanisms concerning white blood cells
— Timothy A. Springer File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2005 Astronomy — James E. Gunn File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe
— James Peebles File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Martin Rees delivering a lecture at Jodrell Bank Martin Rees File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
2006 Geosciences — Wallace S. Broecker File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Research into the global carbon cycle
2007 Biosciences — Robert Trivers File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Analysis of social evolution
2008 Astronomy Rashid Sunyaev Rashid Alievich Sunyaev File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Contributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology
Mathematics Maxim Kontsevich Maxim Kontsevich File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[E] Contributions to mathematics from modern theoretical physics
Edward Witten writing on a blackboard Edward Witten File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2009 Polyarthritis Charles Dinarello Charles Dinarello File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Isolation of interleukins, understanding their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases
Tadamitsu Kishimoto Tadamitsu Kishimoto File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Toshio Hirano Toshio Hirano File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2010 Geosciences Walter Munk Walter Munk File:Flag of the United States.svg United States “for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth’s dynamics”.
2011 Biosciences Ilkka Hanski Ilkka Hanski File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland “for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations”.
2012 Astronomy — Reinhard Genzel File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany "for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole".
— Andrea M. Ghez File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Mathematics — Jean Bourgain File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium “for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science".
Terence Tao Terence Tao File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2013 Polyarthritis Peter K. Gregersen Peter K. Gregersen File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis". [4][5]
Lars Klareskog Lars Klareskog File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Robert J. Winchester Robert J. Winchester File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2014 Geosciences — Peter Molnar File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for his ground-breaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, in particular the deformation of continents and the structure and evolution of mountain ranges, as well as the impact of tectonic processes on ocean-atmosphere circulation and climate". [4][6]
2015 Biosciences — Richard Lewontin File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism". [4][7]
— Tomoko Ohta File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
2016 Astronomy File:Roy Kerr 2016 01.jpg Roy Kerr File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand "for fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences" [8][9]
Roger Blandford Roger Blandford File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Mathematics Yakov Eliashberg Yakov Eliashberg File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[F] "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena"
2017 Polyarthritis Shimon Sakaguchi Shimon Sakaguchi File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan "for their discoveries relating to regulatory T cells, which counteract harmful immune reactions in arthritis and other autoimmune diseases." [10]
— Fred Ramsdell File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Alexander Rudensky Alexander Rudensky File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[G]
2018 Geosciences — Syukuro Manabe File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan / File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for fundamental contributions to understanding the role of atmospheric trace gases in Earth’s climate system." [11]
— Susan Solomon File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
2019 Biosciences — Sallie W. Chisholm File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for the discovery and pioneering studies of the most abundant photosynthesising organism on Earth, Prochlorococcus". [12]
2020 Astronomy Eugene N. Parker Eugene Parker File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for pioneering and fundamental studies of the solar wind and magnetic fields from stellar to galactic scales". [13]
Mathematics Enrico Bombieri Enrico Bombieri File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy / File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for outstanding and influential contributions in all the major areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, analysis and algebraic geometry".
2021 Polyarthritis Daniel Kastner Daniel L. Kastner File:Flag of the United States.svg United States "for establishing the concept of autoinflammatory diseases". [14]

References[change]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "About the prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  2. ↑ "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  3. ↑ "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2009" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2014" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  5. ↑ Wollheim, Frank A. (22 August 2013). "The Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis 2013" (PDF). Rheumatology. 53 (4): 581–582. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket285. PMID 23970543. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  6. ↑ "Peter Molnar wins Crafoord Prize in Geosciences". Royal Astronomical Society. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  7. ↑ Lane, Isabel (19 January 2015). "Crafoord Prize in Biosciences goes to genetic polymorphism research". Biofuels Digest. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  8. ↑ "NZ astrophysicist awarded $1m prize". Sky News Australia. 15 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  9. ↑ "Yakov Eliashberg awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics". Stanford University. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  10. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2017 Archived 18 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2018
  12. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2019
  13. ↑ Crafoord Prize 2020
  14. ↑ "The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2021". Crafoord Prize. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
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