List of Iranic dynasties and countries
This is a list of Iranic states, dynasties and empires.
Current[change]
Independent[change]
| Name | Status of Iranic lanaguage | Years |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran |
Persian is the official language[1] | 1979 |
| File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan |
Tajik is the state (national) language[2] | 1991 |
| File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan |
Pashto and Dari is the official languge[3] | First Islamic Emirate in between 1996 and 2001 second emirate since the 2021 |
Autonomous[change]
| Federal subjects (Republics) of Russia | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | Years | |
| File:Flag of North Ossetia.svg North Ossetia–Alania |
2010 – 65.1% Ossetians | 1992 |
| File:Flag of Dagestan.svg Dagestan |
2010 – 0.01% Tats | 1992 |
| Other autonomy | ||
| File:Flag of China.svg Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County |
2020 – 80.9% Tajiks[4] | 1954 |
| File:De facto SA-NES Flag.svg AANES |
–
|
2013 |
| File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region |
–
|
1991 |
| Self-governing provinces subject to the federal government in Pakistan | ||
| File:Flag of Balochistan.svg Balochistan |
2017 – by language, 35.49% Balochi, 35.34% Pashto[5] | 1970 |
| File:Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.svg Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
2017 – by language, 76.86% Pashto[5] | 1970 |
Historical[change]
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Current Iranic peoples[change]
| Ethnicity | Native name | Name of their land |
|---|---|---|
| Persians | پارسیان (Pārsīān) | Persia |
| Pashtuns | پښتانه (Pax̌tāna) | Pashtunistan |
| Kurds | کوردان (Kūrdān) | Kurdistan |
| Tajiks | Тоҷикон (Taǰikon) | Tajikistan |
| Balochs | بلۏچان (Balòčān) | Balochistan |
| Lurs | ان (Lor) | Luristan |
| Gilaks | گيلکون (Gīlak'ūn) | Gilan |
| Mazandaranis | مازرون (Māzarūn) | Mazandaran |
| Zazas/Dimli | Dimlī | Zazakistan |
| Talyshs | تالشان (Tōlışōn) | Talish |
| Ossetians/Alanians | Аланиæгтæ (Alanægtæ) | Ossetia/Alania |
| Tats (Iran) | تاتون (Tatün) | |
| Wakhis | وخیک (Woḵīk) | |
| Lohijon | Lohijon | |
| Yaghnobis | yaγnōbī́t | Yaghnob |
| Kumzaris | کومزاريان (Kūmzārīān) | Kumzar |
| Achomi | اچم (Ačom) | Achomestan[6] |
Historical Iranic peoples and tribal conferedations[change]
- Alans
- Sogdians
- Scythians[7]
- Dahaeans
- Parthians
- Cimmerians[8][9]
- Sarmatians
- Sakas
- Medes
- Daylamites
- Massagetaeans
- Khwarezmians
Iranic states and dynasties[change]
- Scythian kingdoms
- Scythian Kingdom in West Asia (c. 7th century BC–c. 600s BC)
- Scythian Kingdom in Pontic Steppe (c. 600s BC–c. 3rd century BC)
- Cimmerian Kingdom (early 7th-century B.C.E. – 630s B.C.E.) of Cimmerian origin
- Medes (ca. 678 BCE–549 BCE) of Median origin
- Orontid dynasty (570–200 BC) Persianized, of Bactrian origin[10]
- Pharnacid dynasty (c. 550–320 BC) of Persian origin
- Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) of Persian origin
- Parthian/Arsacid Empire ("Arsacid dynasty of Parthia"; 247 BC–224 AD) Heavily Parthianized, of either Scythian or Bactrian origin[11]
- Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (52–428)
- Arsacid dynasty of Iberia (c. 189–284)
- Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania (1st century–510)
- Xiongnu (220–2nd Century AD) of Sogdian origin, later Turkified[12]
- Indo-Scythians (200 BCE–400 AD) of Scythian origin
- Shule Kingdom (200 BC–790 AD) of Sakan origin[13]
- Artaxiad dynasty (190 BC–12 AD) of Iranian origin
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom (12 BC–before 100 AD?) of Parthian origin
- Kingdom of Khotan (56–1006) of Sakan origin
- Sasanian Empire (224–651) of Persian origin
- House of Kayus (226–380) Probably of Palewani Kurdish origin
- Chosroid dynasty (284–807) of Parthian origin[14]
- Afrighids (305–995) of Khwarazmian origin[15]
- Kingdom of the Alans (409–426) of Alan origin
- Mihranids (330–821) of Parthian origin
- Dabuyid dynasty (642–760) of Persian origin[16]
- Masmughans of Damavand (650–760) of Parthian origin
- Bavand dynasty (651–1349) of Parthian origin
- Paduspanids (665–1598) of Mazandarani origin
- Bukhar Khudahs (before 681–890s) of Sogdian origin
- Principality of Ushrusana (?–892/3) of Sogdian origin
- Qarinvand dynasty (7th-century–11th-century) of Parthian origin
- Rustamid dynasty (767–909) of Persian origin
- Sadakiyans (770–828) of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Justanids (791–974) of Daylamite origin[17]
- Samanids (819–999) of Persian origin[18]
- Tahirid dynasty (821–873) they are culturally highly Arabicized, but of Persian origin[19]
- Banijurids (848–908) of Iranic origin
- Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) of Persian origin[20]
- Ghurid dynasty (before 879–1219) Persianized,[21] of eastern Iranian origin
- Qarmatians (899–1077) of Persian origin
- Alania (late 9th century–1238/1239) of Alan origin
- [22]
- Farighunids (9th century–1010) of Persian origin
- Ziyarid dynasty (931–1090) of Gilaki origin
- Banu Ilyas (932–968) of Sogdian origin
- Buyid dynasty (934–1062) of Daylamite origin
- Hasanwayhids (950–1121) Probably of Laki Kurdish origin
- Shaddadids (951–1199) probably of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Kilwa Sultanate (957-1913) of Persian origin
- Marwanids (983/990–1085) likely assimilated into Kurmanji Kurdish culture & spoke Kurmanji Kurdish, probably of Laki Kurdish origin
- Annazids (990–1116) of Palewani Kurdish origin
- Ma'munids (995–1017) of Khwarazmian origin
- Kakuyids (1008–1141) of Daylamite origin
- Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225) Persianized, of eastern Iranian origin
- Khwarazmshahs (1077-1231) of Persian orgin
- Hazaraspids (1115–1424) of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319) of Persian origin
- Qurid dynasty (1148-1215) of Persian orgin
- Khorshidi dynasty (1184–1597) of Lur origin
- Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1260/1341) of Arabized, of Kurmanji Kurdish origin[23]
- Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847) of Kurdish origin
- Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524) of Kurdish origin
- Kurt Dynasty (1244–1381) of eastern Iranian origin
- Pervâneoğlu (1261–1326) of Persian origin
- Zirqanids (1335–1835) of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Afrasiab dynasty (1349–1504) of Mazandarani origin
- Lodi dynasty (1451–1526) of Pashtun origin
- Mirani dynasty (1476–1787) of Baloch origin
- Emirate of Palu (1495–1850) of Kurdish origin
- Muzaffarids (Somalia) (late 15th-1700) of Persian origin
- Safavid Empire (1501–1736) Turkified[24] of Kurmanji Kurdish origin[25]
- Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609) of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Soran Emirate (1514–1836) of Sorani Kurdish origin
- Sur Empire (1540–1556) of Pashtun origin
- Ardalan (14th century–1865/1868) of Sorani Kurdish origin
- Baban (1649–1850) of Palewani Kurdish origin
- Karrani Dynasty (1564–1576) of Pashtun origin
- Hotaki dynasty (1709–1738) of Pashtun origin
- Nawab of Awadh (1732–1856) of Persian origin
- Sarab Khanate (1747–?) of Kurmanji Kurdish origin
- Durrani Empire (1747–1862) of Pashtun origin
- Zand dynasty (1750–1794) of Laki Kurdish origin[26]
- Talpur dynasty (1783–1843) of Baloch origin
- Emirate of Herat (1793–1863) of Pashtun origin
- Barakzai dynasty (1826–1973) of Pashtun and Persian origin[a]
- Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) of Mazandarani origin
- Islamic republic (1979-now) current leader is of Persian origin[27]
Sinicized Iranic dynasties[change]
- Yan dynasty (756–764) of Sogdian and Göktürk origin
Hellenized Iranic states[change]
- Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin until 36 BC
- Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Ariarathid dynasty until 96 BC, by Ariobarzanid dynasty until 36 BC, both are Persian origin
Former and defunct Iranic governments[change]
| Name | Notes | Years | Capital | Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | was a country in the North Caucasus formed by the unification of many North Caucasian peoples including Ossetians | 1917–1922 | Buynaksk | File:Карта Горской республики.svg |
| File:Flag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg Kingdom of Kurdistan | short-lived Kurdish state proclaimed in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire | 1921–1924/1925 | Sulaymaniyah | File:Kingdom of kurdistan 1923.png |
| File:Kurdish flag (Khoiboun).svg Republic of Ararat | was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state, located in eastern Turkey, centred on Karaköse Province | 1927–1931 | Doğubayazıt | File:Ağrıcumhuriyeti.png |
| File:Flag of the Republic of Mahabad.svg Republic of Kurdistan | short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran who was puppet of Soviet Union | 1945–1946 | Mahabad | File:Republic of mahabad and iranian azerbaijan 1945 1946.png |
| File:Flag of Afghanistan (1974–1978).svg Republic of Afghanistan | was the first republic in Afghanistan, often called the Daoud Republic, as it was established in July 1973 after General Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan deposed his cousin, King Mohammad Zahir Shah, in a coup d'état | 1973–1978 | Kabul | File:Afghanistan. 1-68. LOC 73691921.jpg |
| File:Civil flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg Interim Government of Iran | provisional government after the Islamic Revolution in Iran | 1979 | Tehran |
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Teritories[change]
Russian Empire[change]
- Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) including the many Ossetian, Tat and Kurdish populated lands. There are fourteen provinces called governorate, oblast, okrug and gradonachalstvo
Soviet Union[change]
- File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1921) short-lived Soviet republic in Gilak and Talysh populated regions of Iran
- File:Flag of North Ossetian ASSR.svg North Ossetian ASSR (1936–1992) Ossetian republic in northern Ossetian-populated lands
- File:Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg South Ossetian AO (1922–1990) Ossetian autonomous oblast in southern Ossetian-populated lands
- Kurdistan uezd (1923–1929) Kurdish uezd of Kurdish-populated lands in Karabakh
- File:Flag of the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.svg North Ossetian AO (1924–1936) Ossetian autonomous oblast in northern Ossetian-populated lands
- File:Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1991); Flag of Tajikistan (1991–1992).svg Tajikistan SSR (1929–1991) Tajik soviet republic in Tajik populated lands
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;_Flag_of_Tajikistan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg){kind=link}
Notes[change]
- ↑ The father of Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the dynasty, was the chief of the Pashtun Barakzai tribe, his family can be traced back to Abdal (the first and founder of the Pashtun Durrānī/Abdālī tribe), through Hajji Jamal Khan, Yousef, Yaru, Mohammad, Omar Khan, Khisar Khan, Ismail, Nek, Daru, Saifal, and Barak. Abdal had Four sons, Popal, Barak, Achak, and Alako. His mother was a Qizilbash from the Persian Sīāh Manṣūr tribe.
References[change]
- ↑ Constitution of Iran, Article 15.
- ↑ Constitution of Tajikistan, Article 2.
- ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan, Article 16.
- ↑ 塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县基本概况 [Basic Situation of Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County]. (in Mandarin). "塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县（简称塔县）地处祖国西部边陲，帕米尔高原东麓，平均海拔4000米以上。全县总面积2.5万平方公里，辖12个乡镇50个村（社区），总人口4.1万人，塔吉克族占80.9%，是全国唯一的塔吉克民族自治县，外与巴基斯坦、阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦及克什米尔地区接壤，边境线长793.6公里，" ["The county has a total area of 25,000 square kilometers, governs 12 townships and 50 villages (communities), and has a total population of 41,000. Tajiks account for 80.9%. It is the only Tajik ethnic autonomous county in the country. The region borders with a border line of 793.6 kilometers long."]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Census Final Results – Mother Tongue". (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2017.
- ↑ "اچمستان - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس". abadis.ir. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
- ↑ • Ivantchik 2018: "SCYTHIANS, a nomadic people of Iranian origin (...)"
• Harmatta 1996, p. 181: "The rise of the Scythian kingdom represented an event of intra-ethnic character, since both Cimmerians and Scythians were Iranian peoples."
• Sulimirski 1985, pp. 149–153: "During the first half of the first millennium B.C., c. 3,000 to 2,500 years ago, the southern part of Eastern Europe was occupied mainly by peoples of Iranian stock [...] [T]he population of ancient Scythia was far from being homogeneous, nor were the Scyths themselves a homogeneous people. The country called after them was ruled by their principal tribe, the "Royal Scyths" (Her. iv. 20), who were of Iranian stock and called themselves "Skolotoi" (...)"
• West 2002, pp. 437–440: "[T]rue Scyths seems to be those whom [Herodotus] calls Royal Scyths, that is, the group who claimed hegemony [...] apparently warrior-pastoralists. It is generally agreed, from what we know of their names, that these were people of Iranian stock (...)"
• Rolle 1989, p. 56: "The physical characteristics of the Scythians correspond to their cultural affiliation: their origins place them within the group of Iranian peoples."
• Rostovtzeff 1922, p. 13: "The Scythian kingdom [...] was succeeded in the Russian steppes by an ascendancy of various Sarmatian tribes — Iranians, like the Scythians themselves."
• Minns 2011, p. 36: "The general view is that both agricultural and nomad Scythians were Iranian." - ↑ Harmatta 1996, p. 181.
- ↑ Tokhtas’ev 1991, p. 563–567.
- ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ (page 168) (2019-01-01). "The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History - Google Bøger". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2023-07-25. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Neumann, Iver B.; Wigen, Einar (2018-07-19). The Steppe Tradition in International Relations: Russians, Turks and European State Building 4000 BCE–2017 CE. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42079-2.
- ↑ Heirman, Ann; Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (2007-05-11). The Spread of Buddhism. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15830-6.
- ↑ (pp. 520–522). "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ unesdoc.unesco.org https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000111664. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ (page 302) Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008-03-30). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ "Origin of the Samanids - Kamoliddin - Transoxiana 10". www.transoxiana.org. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ Bosworth 1999, p. 90.
- ↑ "Saffarid dynasty", The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages, Oxford University Press, 2010-01-01, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-5140, ISBN 978-0-19-866262-4, retrieved 2025-02-05
- ↑ Wink, André (2010), Reid, Anthony; Morgan, David O. (eds.), "The early expansion of Islam in India", The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3: The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, The New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 78–99, ISBN 978-0-521-85031-5, retrieved 2025-02-05
- ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 147: "The Sājids were a line of caliphal governors in north-western Persia, the family of a commander in the 'Abbasid service of Soghdian descent which became culturally Arabised."
- ↑ (page 164–167) https://iranicaonline.Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
{{cite web}}: External link in|last= - ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
- ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
- ↑ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ↑ "Change Comes to Iran". The Daily Beast. 2009-02-19. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
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