Federation

A federation is a union of a number of self-governing states or regions, which are joined together under a central government. The central government is not able to do a lot of things that central government in more centralized states can. These things are done by the states (or regions) in a federalized state.

The United States of America is a federation. The federal (central) government has the highest executive role. However, state governments can exercise any powers as long as those powers are not assigned to the federal government (by the United States Constitution) and if those powers are not prohibited by the states themselves.

Australia became a Federation in 1901.

After the 1971 civil war, Pakistan became a Federation adopted in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan.

Other examples of federal states are Austria, Belgium (since 1993), Canada, Germany, Russia and Switzerland.

Argentina

File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg

Salta

Argentina is divided into 23 provinces (provincias; singular: provincia), and 1 city (commonly known as capital federal):

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires* Buenos Aires (Province) Catamarca Chaco Chubut Córdoba Corrientes Entre Ríos Formosa Jujuy La Pampa La Rioja

Mendoza Misiones Neuquén Río Negro Salta San Juan San Luis Santa Cruz Santa Fe Santiago del Estero Tierra del Fuego Tucumán

Australia

<imagemap> File:Australia location map.svg|200px|Map

poly 235 0 446 124 648 112 787 0 Indonesia poly 1375 0 1382 42 1431 32 1469 24 1496 14 1534 12 1578 13 1630 38 1724 75 1768 100 1835 117 1905 128 1972 143 2005 146 2025 138 2032 93 2046 114 2006 1 Papua New Guinea poly 817 172 831 1235 587 1352 377 1376 212 1395 115 1315 106 1200 116 1082 71 925 44 877 77 543 272 480 438 399 543 238 Western Australia poly 826 101 830 883 1252 884 1242 67 Northern Territory poly 826 885 832 1239 1025 1319 1202 1472 1395 1550 1395 884 South Australia poly 1735 1342 1746 1412 1811 1408 1796 1336 Australian Capital Territory poly 1837 1338 1837 1374 1870 1376 1869 1326 Jervis Bay Territory poly 1502 1573 1511 1835 1824 1830 1780 1547 Tasmania poly 1393 1301 1396 1549 1525 1578 1673 1580 1728 1548 1818 1481 1730 1440 1716 1400 1678 1407 1607 1410 1576 1408 1555 1397 1538 1378 1526 1355 1485 1330 1454 1312 Victoria poly 1249 881 1389 889 1397 1040 1782 1034 1812 1015 1869 1030 1875 1037 1901 1043 1917 1009 1925 1001 1960 1000 2032 983 2026 697 1914 591 1671 371 1624 267 1540 195 1484 73 1497 40 1445 48 1402 136 1379 309 1368 397 1294 346 1253 369 Queensland poly 1393 1043 1399 1302 1429 1315 1447 1315 1461 1333 1494 1340 1504 1349 1512 1365 1524 1380 1571 1404 1592 1399 1644 1407 1702 1407 1728 1409 1741 1414 1732 1340 1802 1344 1795 1411 1749 1413 1740 1413 1729 1411 1728 1446 1770 1461 1817 1481 1820 1433 1838 1374 1837 1333 1860 1332 1932 1214 1983 1064 1985 1004 1920 997 1914 1034 1899 1044 1886 1045 1863 1032 1816 1004 1794 1013 1775 1033 New South Wales

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States

Areas	Abbreviation	Capital
File:Flag of New South Wales.svg New South Wales	NSW	Sydney
File:Flag of Queensland.svg Queensland	QLD	Brisbane
File:Flag of South Australia.svg South Australia	SA	Adelaide
File:Flag of Tasmania.svg Tasmania	TAS	Hobart
File:Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg Victoria	VIC	Melbourne
File:Flag of Western Australia.svg Western Australia	WA	Perth

Territories

Mainland

Territory	Abbreviation	Capital
File:Flag of the Australian Capital Territory.svg Australian Capital Territory	ACT	Canberra
File:Flag of Australia.svg Jervis Bay Territory	JBT
File:Flag of the Northern Territory.svg Northern Territory	NT	Darwin

From 1926 to 1931, Central Australia existed as a separate territory between the 20th and 26th parallels of latitude, before being becoming a part of the Northern Territory again.

Overseas territories

File:Australian external territories.png

Australian overseas territories

• File:Flag of Australia.svg Ashmore and Cartier Islands
• File:Flag of Australia.svg Australian Antarctic Territory
• File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg Norfolk Island
• File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg Christmas Island
• File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg Cocos (Keeling) Islands
• File:Flag of Australia.svg Coral Sea Islands Territory
• File:Flag of Australia.svg Heard and McDonald Islands

Former

• Territory of North Australia (1927-31)
• Territory of Central Australia (1927-31)
• Territory of Papua (1902-49)
• Territory of New Guinea (1920-49)
• Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1949-72)

Austria

Official flag	State (Bundesland)	German name	Location	Population (2021)	Area (km²)	Density (p./km²)	Capital
File:Flag of Burgenland (state).svg	Burgenland	Burgenland	File:Burgenland in Austria.svg	296,000	3,965	75	Eisenstadt
File:Flag of Carinthia (state).svg	Carinthia	Kärnten	File:Kärnten in Austria.svg	562,000	9,537	59	Klagenfurt
File:Flag of Lower Austria (state).svg	Lower Austria	Niederösterreich	File:Niederösterreich in Austria.svg	1,691,000	19,180	88	Sankt Pölten
File:Flag of Salzburg (state).svg	Salzburg(erland)	Salzburg	File:Salzburg in Austria.svg	561,000	7,155	78	Salzburg
File:Flag of Styria (state).svg	Styria	Steiermark	File:Steiermark in Austria.svg	1,247,000	16,399	76	Graz
File:Flag of Tirol (state).svg	Tyrol	Tirol	File:Tirol in Austria.svg	760,000	12,648	60	Innsbruck
File:Flag of Upper Austria (state).svg	Upper Austria	Oberösterreich	File:Oberösterreich in Austria.svg	1,496,000	11,983	125	Linz
File:Flag of Vienna (state).svg	Vienna	Wien	File:Wien in Austria.svg	1,921,000	415	4,629	Vienna (Wien)
File:Flag of Vorarlberg (state).svg	Vorarlberg	Vorarlberg	File:Vorarlberg in Austria.svg	399,000	2,602	153	Bregenz

Belgium

Province	Antwerp	Limburg	Flemish Brabant	East Flanders	West Flanders
Dutch name	Antwerpen	Limburg	Vlaams Brabant	Oost-Vlaanderen	West-Vlaanderen
French name	Anvers	Limbourg	Brabant flamand	Flandre orientale	Flandre occidentale
German name	Antwerpen	Limburg	Flämisch-Brabant	Ostflandern	Westflandern
Location	Province of Antwerp	Province of Limburg	Province of Flemish Brabant	Province of East Flanders	Province of West Flanders
Flag	File:Flag of Antwerp.svg	File:Flag of Limburg (Belgium).svg	File:Flemish Brabant Flag.png	File:Vlag van Oost-Vlaanderen.svg	File:Flag of West Flanders.svg
Coat of Arms	File:Wapen van de provincie Antwerpen.svg	File:Limburg (Belgium) coa.PNG	File:Wapen van Vlaams-Brabant.svg	File:Wapen van Oost-Vlaanderen.svg	File:Wapen van West-Vlaanderen.svg
HASC	BE.AN	BE.LI	BE.VB	BE.OV	BE.WV
FIPS	BE01	BE05	BE12	BE08	BE09
ISO 3166-2	VAN	VLI	VBR	VOV	VWV
Postal codes	2000-2999	3500-3999	1500-1999, 3000-3499	9000-9999	8000-8999
Area	2860 km² 21.15% of Flanders 9.38% of Belgium	2414 km² 17.85% of Flanders 7.92% of Belgium	2106 km² 15.57% of Flanders 6.91% of Belgium	2982.24 km² 22.12% of Flanders 9.81% of Belgium	3151 km² 23.30% of Flanders 10.33% of Belgium
Highest point	Beerzelberg (55 m)	Remersdaal (288 m)	Walshoutem (137 m)	Hottondberg (150 m) Pottelberg (157 m)	Kemmelberg (156 m)
Subdivisions	3 Arrondissements 70 municipalities File:AntwerpenGemeenten.png	3 Arrondissements 44 municipalities File:LimburgBGemeenten.png	2 Arrondissements 65 municipalities File:Municipalities Flemish-Brabant Belgium Map - Number.svg	6 Arrondissements 65 municipalities File:Oost-VlaanderenGemeenten.png	8 Arrondissements 64 municipalities File:Municipalities West-Flanders Belgium Map - Number.svg
Capital	Antwerpen	Hasselt	Leuven	Gent	Brugge
Population	1,682,683 28% of Flanders	805,786 13% of Flanders	1,037,786 17% of Flanders	1,389,199 23% of Flanders	1,130,040 19% of Flanders
Density	587 / km²	333 / km²	493 / km²	459 / km²	362 / km²
Governor	Cathy Berx	Herman Reynders	Lode De Witte	Jan Briers	Carl Decaluwé
Government	N-VA, CD&V, sp.a	CD&V, sp.a-Groen, Open Vld	CD&V, Open Vld, sp.a., Groen	CD&V, Open Vld, sp.a	CD&V, sp.a, Open Vld
Website	Official page	Official page Archived 1996-12-24 at the Wayback Machine	Official page Archived 2006-08-09 at the Wayback Machine	Official page	Official page

Province	Hainaut	Walloon Brabant	Namur	Liège	Luxembourg
French name	Hainaut	Brabant wallon	Namur	Liège	Luxembourg
German name	Hennegau	Wallonisch-Brabant	Namur	Lüttich	Luxemburg
Dutch name	Henegouwen	Waals Brabant	Namen	Luik	Luxemburg
Location	Province of Hainaut	Province of Walloon Brabant	Province of Namur	Province of Liège	Province of Luxembourg
Flag	File:Flag of Hainaut.svg	File:Drapeau Province BE Brabant Wallon.svg	File:Flag province namur.svg	File:Flag of the Province of Liège.svg	File:Unofficial flag of the Province of Luxembourg.svg
Coat of Arms	File:Héraldique Province BE Hainaut.svg	File:Héraldique Province BE Brabant Wallon.svg	File:Armes province namur.png	File:Blason liege prov.svg	File:Coat of arms of the Province of Luxembourg.svg
HASC	BE.HT	BE.BW	BE.NA	BE.LG	BE.LX
FIPS	BE03	BE10	BE07	BE04	BE06
Area	3800 km² 22.56% of Wallonia 12.44% of Belgium	1093 km² 6.49% of Wallonia 3.58% of Belgium	3664 km² 21.75% of Wallonia 11.99% of Belgium	3844 km² 22.82% of Wallonia 12.58% of Belgium	4443 km² 26.38% of Wallonia 14.54% of Belgium
Subdivisions	7 Arrondissements 69 municipalities File:Municipalities Hainaut Belgium Map - Number.svg	1 Arrondissement 27 municipalities File:Brabant-WallonGemeenten.png	3 Arrondissements 38 municipalities File:NamenGemeenten.png	4 Arrondissements 84 municipalities File:Municipalities Liège Belgium Map - Number.svg	5 Arrondissements 44 municipalities File:LuxembourgGemeenten.png
Capital	Mons	Wavre	Namur	Liège	Arlon
Population	1,309,880 37% of Wallonia	379,515 11% of Wallonia	472,281 13% of Wallonia	1,067,685 31% of Wallonia	269,023 8% of Wallonia
Density	345 / km²	347 / km²	129 / km²	277 / km²	60 / km²
Governor	Tommy Leclercq	Gilles Mahieu	Denis Mathen	Hervé Jamar	Olivier Schmitz
Government	PS, MR	MR, PS	MR, cdH	PS, MR	cdH, PS
Website	Official page	Official page	Official page	Official page	Official page Archived 2011-02-16 at the Wayback Machine Because the German-speaking Community is found in the Province of Liège, people want a third province: the Province of Eupen-Sankt Vith, which would be made up of the 9 municipalities of the German-speaking Community. Brazil Center-West Region See the main article: Center-West Region of Brazil Federal District (capital Brasília) Goiás (capital Goiânia) Mato Grosso (capital Cuiabá) Mato Grosso do Sul (capital Campo Grande)